Vietnam Insights
FDI & Market Entry
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q91–Q100): Risk Management, Disputes and Exit Strategy
Summary: Questions Q91–Q100 cover the regulatory and commercial risk landscape for Vietnam factory investors: political and regulatory risk, investment protection under BITs, dispute resolution options (Vietnam courts vs. VIAC vs. international arbitration), land lease dispute risks, labour dispute mechanisms, anti-corruption compliance, force majeure in Vietnam law, project termination conditions, factory exit and capital repatriation procedures,…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q61–Q70): Labor, Expatriates and HR Compliance
Summary: Questions Q61–Q70 cover Vietnam labor law for manufacturing companies: minimum wages by region, mandatory social insurance, trade union obligations, work permit requirements for foreign workers, the 3% foreign employee cap, internal labour regulations, probation rules, termination requirements, DOLISA registration obligations, and the most common HR compliance failures in foreign-invested factories. Attorney Vu Manh Quynh…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q71–Q80): Customs, Import-Export and Supply Chain
Summary: Questions Q71–Q80 cover the EPE customs model vs standard customs, EPE eligibility and designation, import duty exemptions for production machinery and raw materials, export processing zone customs boundaries, HS code classification, certificate of origin for FTA preferential tariffs, customs audit risk, bonded warehousing, supply chain documentation requirements, and the top customs compliance failures in…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q51–Q60): Tax, Accounting and Incentives
Summary: Questions Q51–Q60 cover the 20% standard CIT rate, preferential 10% rate for qualifying manufacturers, CIT exemption and reduction periods, when the tax holiday begins (first profitable year, not ERC issuance), VAT obligations, transfer pricing under Decree 132/2020, Foreign Contractor Tax on offshore payments, Vietnamese Accounting Standards, annual audit obligations, import VAT on machinery, and…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q31–Q40): Licensing and Approvals
Summary: Questions Q31–Q40 cover the correct approval sequence for a Vietnam factory (IRC→ERC→EIA→construction permit→fire safety→production), IRC application documents, statutory vs realistic processing timelines, the correct issuing authority, EIA trigger thresholds, construction permit requirements, fire safety approvals, machinery import restrictions, sector-specific licences and IRC scope amendment. Legal framework note (updated July 2025): References in this article…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q41–Q50): Environmental, Construction and Operational Readiness
Summary: Questions Q41–Q50 cover environmental permits required before production, the EIA process, EIA vs Environmental Protection Plan, fire safety standards (QCVN), Fire Police inspection, construction permit requirements, the prohibition on pre-EIA construction, the legal definition of production commencement, the pre-production operational readiness checklist, and the most common post-construction approval delays in Vietnam. Attorney Vu Manh…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q11–Q20): Legal Structure and Incorporation
Summary: Questions Q11–Q20 explain the IRC vs ERC distinction, the mandatory sequential approval process, LLC vs JSC entity choice, charter capital requirements, the 90-day capital contribution deadline, legal representative obligations, governance structure, and annual corporate compliance obligations for foreign-invested manufacturing companies in Vietnam. Attorney Vu Manh Quynh is the Managing Partner of ECOVIS Vietnam Law,…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q21–Q30): Industrial Land and Location
Summary: Questions Q21–Q30 cover industrial park vs EPZ vs industrial cluster selection, how foreign companies lease land in Vietnam, typical sub-lease terms and costs, major industrial park developers (VSIP, Becamex, AMATA, Deep C), sub-lease due diligence, infrastructure verification, expansion rights, and land use right registration for foreign manufacturers. Legal framework note (updated July 2025): References…
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Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q1–Q10): Market Entry and Investment Strategy
Summary: Questions Q1–Q10 answer why Vietnam is a top manufacturing destination, whether 100% foreign ownership is permitted, which provinces suit export manufacturing, realistic project timelines, minimum registered capital, sector restrictions, and key risk factors. Expert answers from Attorney Vu Manh Quynh, Managing Partner, ECOVIS Vietnam Law. Legal framework note (updated July 2025): References in this…
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Vietnam Factory Licensing and Approvals: Complete Sequence Guide for Foreign Manufacturers
Summary: Licensing and approvals for a foreign-invested factory in Vietnam involve a mandatory multi-authority sequence covering the IRC, ERC, Environmental Impact Assessment, construction permit, fire safety approval, and sector-specific licences. This guide explains the correct approval sequence, statutory timelines vs reality, and the most common sequencing errors that delay production start — with expert guidance…