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Regulatory changes, licence practice and the operational consequences — from the lawyers who file the paperwork, not a newsroom.

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Three Vietnam country-leadership options compared on a twelve-month all-in basis: seconding a group executive, hiring a permanent country manager early, and interim leadership on a fixed mandate.

Economy

Interim Country Leadership in Vietnam: What It Costs vs. Seconding a Group Executive (12-Month TCO)

A structural 12-month total-cost-of-ownership comparison of three Vietnam country-leadership options — expat secondment, early permanent hire, interim leadership — by the Vietnam Business Advisory Desk.

8 min read · Aug 2026

After the IRC and ERC, twenty execution items in four phases stand between licence and first production in Vietnam: site and utilities, people and payroll, supply chain and customs, quality and commissioning.

Economy

You Have Your IRC and ERC. The Factory Still Does Not Exist. The 20 Things That Must Happen Before First Production — Outside a Typical Legal Mandate

After the IRC and ERC, roughly 20 execution workstreams must be completed before first production — and most fall outside a typical legal mandate. The Desk's…

10 min read · Aug 2026

Investor analyzing financial charts on a mobile device, illustrating capital and tax planning decisions for foreign-invested companies in Vietnam

Economy

Tax Incentives for Foreign Investors in Vietnam: What Companies Should Review Before Relying on Them

Summary: Vietnam offers corporate income tax holidays, preferential CIT rates, import duty exemptions, and VAT treatment benefits for qualifying manufacturing projects — but incentives are not…

4 min read · Jun 2026

Operators monitoring systems in a control room, illustrating post-licensing operational compliance for factories in Vietnam

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q81–Q90): Post-Licensing and Operational Compliance

Summary: Questions Q81–Q90 cover post-licensing operational compliance for Vietnam factories: annual DPI reporting obligations, capital contribution deadlines, foreign loan registration with the SBV, dividend repatriation, related-party…

9 min read · Jun 2026

Three heavy industry engineers in hard hats and safety gear at a pipe manufacturing factory, illustrating FDI factory setup legal services in Nghe An Province

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q91–Q100): Risk Management, Disputes and Exit Strategy

Summary: Questions Q91–Q100 cover the regulatory and commercial risk landscape for Vietnam factory investors: political and regulatory risk, investment protection under BITs, dispute resolution options (Vietnam…

10 min read · Jun 2026

Workforce training group, representing Vietnam labor and HR compliance for foreign companies

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q61–Q70): Labor, Expatriates and HR Compliance

Summary: Questions Q61–Q70 cover Vietnam labor law for manufacturing companies: minimum wages by region, mandatory social insurance, trade union obligations, work permit requirements for foreign workers,…

8 min read · Jun 2026

Cargo logistics operations, representing a Vietnam logistics joint venture supported by ECOVIS Australia and ECOVIS Vietnam

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q71–Q80): Customs, Import-Export and Supply Chain

Summary: Questions Q71–Q80 cover the EPE customs model vs standard customs, EPE eligibility and designation, import duty exemptions for production machinery and raw materials, export processing…

9 min read · Jun 2026

Business professional reviewing investment application documents, representing the ERC-before-IRC capital freeze risk in Vietnam

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q51–Q60): Tax, Accounting and Incentives

Summary: Questions Q51–Q60 cover the 20% standard CIT rate, preferential 10% rate for qualifying manufacturers, CIT exemption and reduction periods, when the tax holiday begins (first…

8 min read · Jun 2026

Engineer inspecting solar panels at an industrial power plant, illustrating FDI petrochemical and manufacturing legal services in Thanh Hoa Province

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q41–Q50): Environmental, Construction and Operational Readiness

Summary: Questions Q41–Q50 cover environmental permits required before production, the EIA process, EIA vs Environmental Protection Plan, fire safety standards (QCVN), Fire Police inspection, construction permit…

7 min read · Jun 2026

Business meeting discussing Vietnam FDI policy and Resolution 10-NQ/TW

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q31–Q40): Licensing and Approvals

Summary: Questions Q31–Q40 cover the correct approval sequence for a Vietnam factory (IRC→ERC→EIA→construction permit→fire safety→production), IRC application documents, statutory vs realistic processing timelines, the correct issuing…

8 min read · Jun 2026

Business professionals in a Ho Chi Minh City office building, representing local legal services in Thu Duc

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q11–Q20): Legal Structure and Incorporation

Summary: Questions Q11–Q20 explain the IRC vs ERC distinction, the mandatory sequential approval process, LLC vs JSC entity choice, charter capital requirements, the 90-day capital contribution…

7 min read · Jun 2026

Large empty warehouse with high ceilings, illustrating industrial and logistics facilities in Vietnam

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q21–Q30): Industrial Land and Location

Summary: Questions Q21–Q30 cover industrial park vs EPZ vs industrial cluster selection, how foreign companies lease land in Vietnam, typical sub-lease terms and costs, major industrial…

7 min read · Jun 2026

Two business professionals in discussion, illustrating market entry strategy planning for foreign investors setting up a factory in Vietnam

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup FAQ (Q1–Q10): Market Entry and Investment Strategy

Summary: Questions Q1–Q10 answer why Vietnam is a top manufacturing destination, whether 100% foreign ownership is permitted, which provinces suit export manufacturing, realistic project timelines, minimum…

7 min read · Jun 2026

Warehouse manager checking a mobile phone in a logistics facility office

Economy

Vietnam Factory Licensing and Approvals: Complete Sequence Guide for Foreign Manufacturers

Summary: Licensing and approvals for a foreign-invested factory in Vietnam involve a mandatory multi-authority sequence covering the IRC, ERC, Environmental Impact Assessment, construction permit, fire safety…

15 min read · Jun 2026

ECOVIS international professional network - legal and tax services in 90+ countries

Economy

Industrial Land and Location in Vietnam: Factory Site Selection Guide for Foreign Manufacturers

Summary: Choosing the right industrial location in Vietnam is one of the highest-stakes decisions in a factory setup project. This guide covers industrial park vs export…

17 min read · Jun 2026

ECOVIS international legal network - cross-border investment support for UK investors in Vietnam

Economy

Vietnam Factory Setup Risk Map: 12 Risk Zones Foreign Manufacturers Must Address

Summary: The Vietnam Factory Setup Risk Map identifies and categorises the 12 highest-impact risk zones that foreign manufacturers encounter when establishing factory operations in Vietnam —…

15 min read · Jun 2026

Asia-Pacific investment advisory - ECOVIS Vietnam Law cross-border legal services

Economy

IRC vs ERC Vietnam: Legal Structure and Incorporation for Foreign Manufacturers

Last reviewed: 21 August 2026 | Author: Vu Manh Quynh, Managing Partner, Attorney-at-Law, ECOVIS Vietnam Law Summary Vietnam’s Investment Law 143/2025/QH15 and Decree 96/2026/NĐ-CP now let…

12 min read · Jun 2026

Industrial manufacturing workers, representing Vietnam as a China+1 manufacturing base for foreign investors

Economy

100 FAQ about Factory Setup Vietnam for Foreign Manufacturers

Read Each Section as a Standalone Article Each of the 10 sections below is available as a dedicated article with author attribution and AI-optimised formatting. Click…

11 min read · Jun 2026

International investors entering Vietnam market - ECOVIS Vietnam Law regulatory advisory

Economy

Industrial Zones in Vietnam: Strategic and Legal Considerations for Foreign Investors

A legal and strategic guide to industrial zone selection in Vietnam for foreign manufacturers — covering zone categories, tax incentives, infrastructure criteria, environmental compliance, and legal…

6 min read · Jun 2026

German investors meeting in Vietnam - ECOVIS Vietnam Law Germany-Vietnam corridor advisory

Compliance, ESG & Trade

German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act (LkSG) and Vietnamese Suppliers: What Manufacturers Need to Know

A practical guide to LkSG compliance for German manufacturers operating in or sourcing from Vietnam — covering own operations, direct supplier obligations, risk areas in the…

6 min read · Jun 2026

German manufacturing investors in Vietnam - ECOVIS Vietnam Law market entry advisory

Economy

Factory Setup Roadmap in Vietnam for German Manufacturers

A step-by-step legal roadmap for German manufacturers setting up factory operations in Vietnam — covering investment structure, industrial park selection, licensing, and operational compliance.

5 min read · Jun 2026

Vietnam industrial zone development - ECOVIS Vietnam Law FDI structuring and compliance

Economy

China+1 Strategy: Why Vietnam Is Becoming the Preferred Manufacturing Destination for German Companies

An analysis of why Vietnam has emerged as the leading China+1 manufacturing destination for German companies — covering trade agreements, cost structure, supply chain development, and…

11 min read · Jun 2026

ECOVIS Germany-Vietnam legal corridor - manufacturing relocation and FDI advisory

Economy

Relocating Production from China to Vietnam: Legal Roadmap for German Manufacturers

A structured legal roadmap for German manufacturers relocating or diversifying production from China to Vietnam — covering corporate structure design, investment licensing, intercompany agreements, transfer pricing,…

7 min read · Jun 2026

High-tech factory engineer at work, representing the need for local contract protection in SLA-based IT support in Vietnam

Economy

Factory Setup Vietnam: Complete Legal & Investment Guide for Foreign Manufacturers

Summary: The definitive legal and investment guide to factory setup in Vietnam for foreign manufacturers — covering investment structure, IRC and ERC licensing, industrial zone selection,…

10 min read · May 2026

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